Punished for Seeking Change
Killings, Enforced Disappearances and Arbitrary Detention Following Venezuela’s 2024 Election

Venezuela faces three simultaneous crises related to the crackdown on dissent, the humanitarian emergency and the massive exodus of Venezuelans. Authorities persecute and criminally prosecute opponents, journalists, human rights defenders and civil society organizations. The UN Fact-Finding Mission and the International Criminal Court are documenting possible crimes against humanity being committed with the knowledge of high-ranking authorities. The Venezuelan judiciary, complicit in the abuses, lacks independence and has contributed to impunity for these crimes. Venezuela is facing a severe humanitarian emergency, with seven million in need of assistance. Many are unable to access basic health care and adequate nutrition. More than 7 million Venezuelans have fled the country, generating one of the largest migration crises in the world.
May 7, 2025
CommentaryDarien Gap Feature Video
Final Script - ENG
María:
It’s been the worst thing I’ve been through, I felt I wasn’t going to come out of there.
I cried, the first thing that crossed my mind were my children.
Voice Over:
Over the last year, more than half a million people have crossed the Darién Gap, a swampy jungle between Colombia and Panama,
on their journey north, often to the United States.
Migrants from all over the world risk their lives in this difficult terrain, where they are exposed to unchecked abuses by criminal groups and receive little protection.
Text Card:
Asylum seekers and migrants are entitled to basic safety and respect for their huma rights during their journey.
Chapter 1:
Fleeing human rights crises
María:
I left Venezuela, why? Because of the country’s situation.
I work so much and much and much...why... can’t I afford anything for my daughter? I decided to go to Ecuador.
I left with my brother, he was 17 and I was 21 years. We walked all the way from Cúcuta [Colombia] to Ecuador,12 days, just the two of us.
When we got to Ecuador, that same day I started working, but totally undocumented in Ecuador. I then brought my mom and my family.
Voice Over:
Many people crossing the Darién Gap often try to rebuild their lives in South America before risking everything at the crossing.
But their lack of legal documentation status and formal employment, as well as insecurity and discrimination, drives them out.
María:
Now Ecuador is different, there are a lot of hitmen, there is a lot of robbery and stuff.
I was also in a relationship that turned really bad. There was no respect. I would be working, and he would stalk me. After I filed a restraining order, he tried to kill me. Three days later I decided to come here [to the US].
My best friend had messaged me a few days earlier and said: “Maria, let’s go through the Darién”, I told him “No dude, I’m scared.” I knew that a lot of people died there.
Chapter 2:
The Jungle Corssing
2022
Voice Over:
Hundreds of thousands of migrants and asylum seekers are fleeing human rights crises in the Americas, while many are also escaping poverty or seeking safety.
The US has promoted restrictions on movement in the region, pushing more and more people into this dangerous route.
María:
I crossed in September 2022. Before we even got there, we had decided what route to take, through where. We got there and said: “We will cross through here because we don’t have enough money for Acandí, we’ll go through La Bandera." We paid the money and went in.
Seven days. You see dead people, you see animals like “wolves” [foxes], you hear them at night. You have to put cleaning fluid around the tent so that the snakes don’t get in. The rain is devastating.
You are wet, the tent is wet, your clothes are wet, you are freezing. Your boots are wet, but you can’t take them off or something might bite you. And as you move forward you start seeing, the smell of the dead is really strong.
Voice Over:
During their days-long walk across the gap, migrants of all nationalities frequently experience robbery and serious abuses, including sexual assault.
María:
Well, we didn’t get robbed like other people, but they did take our money. At every stop you would have to pay, and if you don’t have it they will leave you there, and make your life miserable. It’s all a mafia.
We ran out of water for two days. We were almost at the last stop, and I fall on my knees, and I tell my best friend: “Man, I can’t go any further, if you get out of here please tell my mom and my children that I love them but I can’t anymore.”
Voice Over:
A lack of safe pathways is pushing more and more migrants to cross the Darién Gap.
Between January and September 2023, a record of 400,000 people, including more than 80,000 children, crossed.
Voice Over:
Even after successfully crossing the Darién Gap, the rest of the journey doesn’t come without risk. Especially in countries like Guatemala and Mexico.
Chapter 3:
The rest of Marías Journey.
2022
María:
Mexico was the worst thing that has ever happen to me, other than the jungle.
We arrived to Tapachula like everyone else. Immigration detained us for like three four days, we couldn't call anyone. We were fine since it was the first time.
I stayed working in Mexico for a whole month. I worked in a taqueria restaurant. I started at 07:00 am and left at 02:00 am. 7:00 am until 02:00 am...
I mean, it was horrible, and they paid me 150 pesos and I paid 100 a night [for lodging]. There was nothing left.
Voice Over:
In 2022 the US established a humanitarian parole program that allows qualifying individuals from certain nationalities like Venezuelans, to enter the US.
Maria eventually obtained it. But many who don’t qualify and are pushed into dangerous crossings.
Chapetr 4:
Reunifying the Family
2023
María:
Because of Ecuador’s situation. My mum’s neighbor got robbed at her place, they had raped the woman in that house.
That scared me. I have a 5-year-old daughter and a 2-year-old boy, I don’t want them to go through that.
I had the courage and the sacrifice to make the money for them to come here.
Voice Over:
María’s mother, along with her two children and her brother left Ecuador on August 30th, 2023, and started their journey to the US.
María:
They crossed [the Darién Gap] through Acandí, the short route.
I couldn’t sleep, I messaged her all the time. “Where are you? What are you doing?” they didn’t answer, they had no reception.
They were robbed, their bag were stolen, with the money, the phones, my children’s birth certificates. Everything.
I sent them $3,000 and more than $1,000 was stolen from them in the jungle, when their bags were taken. It was total anguish.
María Nat pop:
Mommy, I already sent the guy the money and he made the deposit. I’m with the lady that sent me the contacts, remember? So, when you move, and make it to the border with Guatemala, call Mercedes. So they can save you a spot in that shelter.
Text Card:
Panamanian and Colombian authorities should protect migrants and local communities in the Darién Gap and increase assistance in the area.
Chapter 5:
United States of America
María:
Life here is not easy, you pay for everything, if you miss a month of rent, they kick you out. I didn't work one hour, two, four hours, no,
I work 12, 14 hours in one a day. To make the money, so that they [my family] could be with me.
I have asked for loans and stuff in the bank, all so they can move forward. Because my children for me are my life.
Nat pop:
- I love you mommy.
- I also love you.
Voice Over:
By November 1st, 2023, María’s family was still in Mexico waiting for an immigration appointment to apply for asylum at a US border crossing.
Text Card:
The United States should expand safe and legal pathways for migrants and asylum seekers, so that they can avoid dangerous crossings, like the Darién, as well as work with other governments to protect migrants along the way and ensure their right to seek asylum.
Voice Over:
Whether seeking international protection or economic opportunities, asylum seekers and migrants deserve a safe, orderly, and dignified path.
They are all entitled to basic safety and respect for their human rights during their journey.
“Pedro Cabrera”, Victim’s Relative
I watched when they [Venezuelan security forces] started beating them [my family] on the floor. The accused my wife of being a guerrilla fighter. She told them that she was two months pregnant. [They said] "No, better born dead."
VOICEOVER
For years, several armed groups have openly operated in Venezuelan territory near the Colombian border. In March 2021, in the Venezuelan state of Apure, Venezuelan security forces started an offensive against one of these armed groups.
Apure, Venezuela
VOICEOVER
Constant airstrike attacks and abuses committed by Venezuelan security forces against the local population, have forced thousands to flee
Arauquita, Colombia
VOICEOVER
and cross the river into the state of Arauca in Colombia. More than 5,800 people have fled. Many live in overcrowded shelters where it is nearly impossible to maintain social distance to protect against the spread of Covid-19. There, food, drinking water, basic sanitation, health supplies, and medical attention are scarce. Many others are staying in family homes or rural areas.
Most of them fear for their lives if they go back to their homes in Venezuela where security forces have committed egregious abuses against people accused of being part of or aiding guerrillas.
“Victims' Relative”
My family was brutally massacred. They [security forces] tried to make them look like members of the FARC guerrillas, when they’re honest, humble hard-working farmers.
VOICEOVER
These are not isolated cases. Between 2016 and 2019, Venezuelan security forces have been implicated in more than 19,000 killings in which they claimed the victim had “resisted authority.” Since 2014, they have carried out over 15,000 arbitrary arrests, many involving torture. And a total of at least 870 civilians have been prosecuted by military courts.
“Pablo Ramírez”, Victim of abuse
Two tanks arrived and a bunch of military men dressed as FAES [Fuerzas de Acciones Especiales] came out. They began to torture me with a knife and asked me if I was a guerrilla collaborator. Since I wasn't telling them what they wanted to hear, they took out pliers and grabbed my finger. I felt like my finger was going to break, they were going to rip it off.
“Jairo Urrutia”, Victim of abuse
The security forces arrived. They took me, tied me up, beat me, put me in a truck. I spent days detained in an inhumane condition. The jail was three meters by five meters, without windows. There were 38 people. They didn’t say why.
VOICEOVER
There have also been reports of looting, and houses and crops destroyed and burned by security forces.
“Antonio Rojas”, Victim of abuse
They burned our houses. They stole everything we had. They didn't give us time to get anything out. We only took the clothes we had on.
VOICEOVER
The Prosecutor's Office at the International Criminal Court is deciding whether it should move forward with an investigation into allegations of crimes against humanity in Venezuela. It should also consider the abuses in Apure.
Many people who fled Venezuela won’t be able to go back to their homes in the near future. The Colombian government and international donors should ensure sufficient humanitarian aid is available for them and Colombia should ensure those who decide to stay obtain legal status that allows them to access fundamental rights.
Killings, Enforced Disappearances and Arbitrary Detention Following Venezuela’s 2024 Election
Killings, Mass Arrests Following Elections
Killings, Disappearances, Child Recruitment, Forced Displacement
Extrajudicial Executions, Arbitrary Arrests, Torture in Anti-Guerrilla Operation
Sahagún Ortíz Appears to be the Victim of an Enforced Disappearance
Diplomatic Pressure Remains Essential Amid Post-Electoral Repression
Limited Access to Asylum, Integration Pushes People to the Darién Gap
International Accountability Urgently Needed amid Intensifying Post-Election Repression
Killings, Mass Arrests Following Elections
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